ʻO ka bumper kahi mea palekana e omo a hoʻēmi i ka hopena o waho a pale i ke alo a me ke kua o ke kino kaʻa. Iwakālua mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hana nui ʻia nā bumpers mua a me hope o nā kaʻa me nā mea metala. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou i loko o ke kila kahawai ʻano U me ka mānoanoa o 3 mm, a ua mālama ʻia ka ʻili me ka chromium. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia paha me ke kaola longitudinal o ka mōlina, a he hakahaka nui me ke kino, me he mea lā he ʻāpana i hoʻopili ʻia. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana kaʻa, ʻo ka bumper kaʻa ma ke ʻano he mea palekana koʻikoʻi aia nō hoʻi ma ke ala o ka hana hou. ʻO nā bumpers mua a me hope o ke kaʻa o kēia lā me ka mālama ʻana i ka hana pale mua, akā ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i ka lokahi a me ka lokahi me ke ʻano o ke kino, ka ʻimi ʻana i kona māmā ponoʻī. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia kumu, ua hana ʻia nā bumpers mua a me hope o nā kaʻa i ka plastic, i ʻike ʻia ʻo nā bumpers plastic. Hana ʻia ka bumper plastic i ʻekolu ʻāpana: ka papa waho, ka mea cushioning a me ke kaola. Hana ʻia ka papa waho a me ka mea buffer i ka plastic, a hana ʻia ke kaola i ka pepa ʻōwili anu me ka mānoanoa o kahi 1.5 mm a hana ʻia i loko o kahi groove U-ʻano; Hoʻopili ʻia ka papa waho a me ka mea cushioning i ke kaola, kahi i hoʻopili ʻia i nā wili kaʻa frame a hiki ke wehe ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa. Hoʻohana kēia bumper plastic i ka plastic, ma ke ʻano he ʻelua ʻano mea, polyester a me polypropylene, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe injection. Aia kekahi ʻano plastic i kapa ʻia ʻo polycarbon ester series ma waho, infiltration i loko o ka hui alloy, ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe injection alloy, ka hana ʻana mai ka bumper ʻaʻole wale ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakikī, akā loaʻa pū kekahi ka pono o ka welding, a maikaʻi ka hana uhi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui i loko o ke kaʻa. Loaʻa i ka bumper plastic ka ikaika, ka paʻakikī a me ka hoʻonaninani, mai ka manaʻo palekana, hiki i ka ulia kaʻa ke pāʻani i kahi kuleana buffer, pale i ke kino kaʻa mua a me hope, mai ke ʻano o ka manaʻo, hiki ke hui pū ʻia me ke kino i loko o kahi ʻāpana, holoʻokoʻa, he mea hoʻonaninani maikaʻi, lilo i ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ke ʻano hoʻonaninani kaʻa.
