ʻAno kūkulu
Hana ʻia ka papa waho a me ka mea pale i ka plastik, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kaola keʻa i loko o kahi ʻāpana U-ʻano me kahi pepa ʻōwili anu me ka mānoanoa o kahi 1.5mm; Hoʻopili ʻia ka papa waho a me ka mea pale i ke kaola keʻa, kahi i hoʻopili ʻia me ke kaola longitudinal frame e nā wili a hiki ke wehe ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa. ʻO ka plastik i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o kēia bumper plastik i hana ʻia me ka polyester a me ka polypropylene ma o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka injection. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka bumper o ke kaʻa Peugeot 405 i hana ʻia me nā mea polyester a hana ʻia e ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hopena. ʻO nā bumpers o Volkswagen's Audi 100, golf, Santana ma Shanghai a me Xiali ma Tianjin i hana ʻia me nā mea polypropylene ma o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka injection. Aia kekahi ʻano plastik i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻōnaehana polycarbonate ma waho, kahi e komo ai i nā ʻāpana alloy a hoʻohana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka alloy. ʻAʻole wale ka bumper i hana ʻia he paʻakikī ikaika kiʻekiʻe, akā loaʻa iā ia nā pono o ka hoʻopili ʻana, akā he hana uhi maikaʻi hoʻi, a hoʻohana nui ʻia ma nā kaʻa.
ʻAʻole wale ke ʻano o ka bumper e kūlike me ke ʻano o ke kaʻa holoʻokoʻa e hōʻoia i ka nani, akā e kūlike pū me nā ʻano mechanical a me nā ʻano omo ikehu e hōʻoia i ka omo ʻana o ka haʻalulu a me ka cushioning i ka wā o ka hopena.
